UNIT I: Diversity in Living World
Animal Kingdom; General characters and classification of animals (non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to the level of class).
National Parks with special reference to Dachigam, Kishtwar, Salim Ali, Kazinag and Hemis. Concept of Sanctuaries and Biosphere reserves.
Unit – II: Structural Organisation and Animal Biomolecules
Morphology, Anatomy and functions of digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive systems of Frog.
Basic chemical constituents of living bodies; Bio-molecules: Structure and function of Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and Nucleic acids; Primary and secondary metabolites.
Enzymes: Types, Properties and functions
Unit-III: Cell Structure and Function
Cell: Brief description of cell; Cell theory; Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell, Cell wall, Membrane and Cell organelles (Plastids, Mitochondria, E.R., Golgi, Ribosomes, Lysosomes, Nucleus, Vacuoles, centrioles and Cytoskeleton); Cilia and Flagella; Nuclear organisation.
Cell Division: Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis.
Unit-IV Human Physiology
Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans; respiratory volume; Exchange of gases and their transport;
Respiratory disorders.
Body fluids and Circulation: Composition of blood; Blood groups and Rh factor; Lymph; Human Circulatory system; Cardiac cycle and ECG; Double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; Disorders of circulatory system.
Excretory Products and their Elimination: Modes of excretion; Human excretory system; Urine formation, osmo regulation; regulation of kidney function; Urinary disorders; and artificial kidney.
Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement; Muscle, Contractile proteins and Muscle contraction (Mechanism); Skeletal system and its functions; Joints; Disorders of muscular and skeletal systems.
Neural Control and Coordination: Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans; Nerve impulse.
Chemical Coordination and Integration: Human endocrine system; Hormones of Heart, Kidney and G.I. Tract; Mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea); Hormonal disorders.